Mountain Protocol

USDM (Mountain Protocol) Review

USDM (Mountain Protocol) Economic and Legal Review

February 21, 2024

Full Report: PDF


Editorial

NB: While Steakhouse endeavors to provide an objective and comprehensive overview, it is important for readers to be aware that our existing business relationship with Mountain Protocol might influence our views and interpretations. This disclaimer is intended to provide transparency about our affiliations and ensure readers can consider the potential for any biases that might affect the content of this report. While the report is oriented to provide as cold and objective an outline as possible on the risks and benefits of USDM, we wanted to take a moment to explain our rationale for collaborating with Mountain Protocol more closely.

USDM is a case apart, a fintech innovation and proof positive that business-friendly regulation can empower the creation of products that deliver real value to ordinary, hard-working people.

We are stablecoin nerds and we believe that the space is big, is getting bigger and will have many products to offer a multitude of different customer use-cases. Stablecoin maximalism means believing that smart contracts can create self-regulating balance sheets for any flavor of stablecoin enjoyer.

In this context, working with Mountain Protocol is a no-brainer. We talk a lot about decentralized stablecoins and the virtues of smart-contract enforced self-regulatory frameworks. We regularly engage regulators and advocate for common-sense principles that we believe can produce better prudential regulatory outcomes.

Through our collaboration with USDM, we see an opportunity to help shape the future of centrally-issued, fiat-backed stablecoins too. Centralized and decentralized stablecoins serve different, complementary, use-cases. This aligns with the way we see this subsector of the crypto industry–-a broad universe of many stablecoins fit for many purposes. 

Mountain Protocol represents a clear advancement on the state of fiat-backed stablecoins at the moment. It offers a clear value proposition to users - transparent rewards tied to the underlying risk-free rate. It also has had the chance to improve on technical stablecoin annoyance - for example, its token contract blissfully counts in 18 decimal places (instead of breaking from convention and using a bizarre 2 or 6 decimals) and USDM’s deployers had the prescience to use the same address regardless of the chain, sparing users the trouble of pasting the wrong token address. Finally, unlike some leading fiat-backed stablecoins at time of writing, USDM is closely supervised by the Bermuda Monetary Authority, one of the leading financial regulatory bodies worldwide.

On that point, it's worth elaborating that many other existing regulatory frameworks rely on outdated modes of understanding fintech, which, for example, categorize services into ‘payments’ or ‘investments’ but not both. This was scarcely true when this framing was written into laws around the world, in a way that conveniently defended incumbent financial institutions from the advent of first-generation web innovators such as PayPal. That same framing today suspiciously suits incumbent stablecoin issuers, as well as incumbent banking institutions. 

This is an unfortunate evolution for a number of reasons. Firstly, it prevents perfectly compliant and deeply supervised products from living up to their full potential and disintermediating access to the underlying yield curve. This monopolization of profits by government ruling is a market distortion that only rewards the issuer, but not the user, in an all-too-familiar rent-extractive pattern. Secondly, it decides by equally arbitrary ruling what the shape of innovation must look like without prejudice to the possibilities that could emerge. Competition is the greatest source of consumer welfare in virtually all segments of the economy and money-like instruments are no different. The alternative that is presented is a bleak duopoly of a) CBDCs that compel holders to lend to the government for free, and b) enshrined stablecoin issuers that compel holders to expose themselves to reward-free risk.

We welcome and champion stablecoins such as USDM for pushing back against this narrative simply by building a better product. In our view, consumers ought not be protected from the underlying “risk-free rate” of the currencies they use in their day-to-day lives. USDM is one of those first-principle experiments that simply asks ‘but what if things were different’? 

On the basis of our economic and legal review we are confident that collaborating with Mountain Protocol is a bet on the future and aligns our efforts with the stablecoin future we believe in. By sharing this review with the public, we hope to lay clear the reasoning that brought us to that conclusion and improve the understanding of the possibilities of stablecoins as a force for good for all non-US human beings on the planet.

Full Report: PDF

Full Report: PDF


Editorial

NB: While Steakhouse endeavors to provide an objective and comprehensive overview, it is important for readers to be aware that our existing business relationship with Mountain Protocol might influence our views and interpretations. This disclaimer is intended to provide transparency about our affiliations and ensure readers can consider the potential for any biases that might affect the content of this report. While the report is oriented to provide as cold and objective an outline as possible on the risks and benefits of USDM, we wanted to take a moment to explain our rationale for collaborating with Mountain Protocol more closely.

USDM is a case apart, a fintech innovation and proof positive that business-friendly regulation can empower the creation of products that deliver real value to ordinary, hard-working people.

We are stablecoin nerds and we believe that the space is big, is getting bigger and will have many products to offer a multitude of different customer use-cases. Stablecoin maximalism means believing that smart contracts can create self-regulating balance sheets for any flavor of stablecoin enjoyer.

In this context, working with Mountain Protocol is a no-brainer. We talk a lot about decentralized stablecoins and the virtues of smart-contract enforced self-regulatory frameworks. We regularly engage regulators and advocate for common-sense principles that we believe can produce better prudential regulatory outcomes.

Through our collaboration with USDM, we see an opportunity to help shape the future of centrally-issued, fiat-backed stablecoins too. Centralized and decentralized stablecoins serve different, complementary, use-cases. This aligns with the way we see this subsector of the crypto industry–-a broad universe of many stablecoins fit for many purposes. 

Mountain Protocol represents a clear advancement on the state of fiat-backed stablecoins at the moment. It offers a clear value proposition to users - transparent rewards tied to the underlying risk-free rate. It also has had the chance to improve on technical stablecoin annoyance - for example, its token contract blissfully counts in 18 decimal places (instead of breaking from convention and using a bizarre 2 or 6 decimals) and USDM’s deployers had the prescience to use the same address regardless of the chain, sparing users the trouble of pasting the wrong token address. Finally, unlike some leading fiat-backed stablecoins at time of writing, USDM is closely supervised by the Bermuda Monetary Authority, one of the leading financial regulatory bodies worldwide.

On that point, it's worth elaborating that many other existing regulatory frameworks rely on outdated modes of understanding fintech, which, for example, categorize services into ‘payments’ or ‘investments’ but not both. This was scarcely true when this framing was written into laws around the world, in a way that conveniently defended incumbent financial institutions from the advent of first-generation web innovators such as PayPal. That same framing today suspiciously suits incumbent stablecoin issuers, as well as incumbent banking institutions. 

This is an unfortunate evolution for a number of reasons. Firstly, it prevents perfectly compliant and deeply supervised products from living up to their full potential and disintermediating access to the underlying yield curve. This monopolization of profits by government ruling is a market distortion that only rewards the issuer, but not the user, in an all-too-familiar rent-extractive pattern. Secondly, it decides by equally arbitrary ruling what the shape of innovation must look like without prejudice to the possibilities that could emerge. Competition is the greatest source of consumer welfare in virtually all segments of the economy and money-like instruments are no different. The alternative that is presented is a bleak duopoly of a) CBDCs that compel holders to lend to the government for free, and b) enshrined stablecoin issuers that compel holders to expose themselves to reward-free risk.

We welcome and champion stablecoins such as USDM for pushing back against this narrative simply by building a better product. In our view, consumers ought not be protected from the underlying “risk-free rate” of the currencies they use in their day-to-day lives. USDM is one of those first-principle experiments that simply asks ‘but what if things were different’? 

On the basis of our economic and legal review we are confident that collaborating with Mountain Protocol is a bet on the future and aligns our efforts with the stablecoin future we believe in. By sharing this review with the public, we hope to lay clear the reasoning that brought us to that conclusion and improve the understanding of the possibilities of stablecoins as a force for good for all non-US human beings on the planet.

Full Report: PDF

Other projects

M^0

M^0 Overview

Steakhouse Thoughts
Overview of M^0, a novel cryptodollar technology stack that aims to rethink, from first principles, how the monetary stack could work in a digitally-native context
read more
LidoDAO

Economic analysis of stETH in ETFs

Strategic Advisory
Economic analysis of the use of stETH in the context of an ETF or exchange traded product
read more
Morpho

Overview of USYC

Steakhouse Thoughts
Overview of USYC Hashnote US Yield Coin
read more

Overview of BUIDL

Steakhouse Thoughts
Overview of BlackRock's foray into public blockchains with BUIDL
read more

Fonbnk: Mobile payments and stablecoins in Kenya

Steakhouse Thoughts
Fonbnk’s tokenization of airtime minutes and integration with mobile money services present an innovative model with the potential to expand financial services to underbanked populations in African markets.
read more
LidoDAO

Restaking and the price of trust

Steakhouse Thoughts
What is restaking, and how does it affect the price of trust for capital providers?
read more
Sky (fka Maker DAO)

MakerDAO Financial Report 2023

Financial Planning & Analysis
A comprehensive look back on 2023 for MakerDAO, along with an in-depth introduction to the protocol and its future changes
read more

Benchmarks and performance attribution for DAO treasuries

Steakhouse Thoughts
Can we learn from investment performance evaluation in traditional finance to help DAOs make better decisions?
read more

Risk Management Framework for DeFi Protocols

Steakhouse Thoughts
A structured approach for the monitoring, management and disclosure of risks for DeFi protocols
read more

Operating Manual for Decentralized Stablecoins (1st. ed)

Steakhouse Thoughts
In this article, we want to learn from traditional banking to see how it might help us understand decentralized stablecoins better. We're not saying that decentralized stablecoins are just like banks – there are lots of differences, and we'll explore those in future discussions. But, banks have been a key part of the world's financial system for centuries, so we believe studying them can give us some valuable insights for running decentralized stablecoins.
read more
Sky (fka Maker DAO)

Steakhouse Tokenized T-Bills Review 2023

Steakhouse Thoughts
This memo discusses and compares the different T-bill-like products that have emerged in DeFi since the beginning of 2023. At their core, these products offer exposure to T-bills and provide access to the risk-free yield in DeFi. We believe these products could prove to be compelling for the stablecoin market given their lower reliance on bank deposits and ability to provide a yield.
read more
Sky (fka Maker DAO)

MakerGAAP Accounting Ledger

Financial Planning & Analysis
We take a principles-based approach to our choice of accounting standards. This means our reports will not reconcile to US GAAP or IFRS, nor should they aim to. We are focused on finding adequate representations of the underlying economic reality of an on-chain protocol, with adaptations to the choices we make for representing smart contracts.
read more
Sky (fka Maker DAO)

Automating Asset and Liability Matching

Strategic Advisory
Steakhouse proposed a framework approach to addressing liquidity imbalances in the MakerDAO stablecoin including a dampened redemption curve and time-locked savings vaults
read more
LidoDAO

Objective-based liquidity design for stETH and directions for further research

Strategic Advisory
Steakhouse evaluated the suitability of this Lido's liquidity spending for stETH by looking at whether the DAO improve its governance by paying incentives in LDO, whether paying incentives helps sustain a closer exchange rate and whether the DAO should aim to sustain a large cushion of liquidity to protect looped staking
read more
Sky (fka Maker DAO)

MakerDAO Financial Report 2022

Financial Planning & Analysis
Despite a challenging 2022, MakerDAO closed the year with a positive surplus and groundbreaking new developments in real-world assets.
read more